ADHD Medications - Stimulant Or Non Stimulant?
For many stimulant medications are the first choice for treating ADHD. Some suffer from side effects or they don't work.
Doctors sometimes prescribe non-stimulant ADHD medication instead, or in combination with stimulants. These include medications to treat high blood pressure like clonidine and guanfacine (Tenex). They also include other medications that help to increase awakening.
Benefits
Stimulants are among the first drugs doctors typically prescribe to treat ADHD. They improve the brain's communication. These drugs increase the levels of neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) dopamine and norepinephrine which improve concentration and decrease impulsivity and hyperactivity. They are available in a variety of forms, but the majority fall into two classes of drugs: methylphenidates and amphetamines. They are controlled substances because of the potential for abuse. The dosage, distribution, and usage of these medications are strictly controlled.
Doctors may also prescribe a combination of nonstimulant and stimulant drugs. They might do so due to a stimulant that doesn't function well enough or because of intolerable adverse effects or because a patient is suffering from an underlying mental health issue that requires to be treated. Children and adults often receive treatment in combination.
Non-stimulant medications include atomoxetine viloxazine and guanfacine. These medications are generally well-tolerated and don't carry the same risk for abuse or addiction that stimulants do. They may take longer to work and last longer than stimulants however, they are effective in treating ADHD symptoms.
Most people who take nonstimulant ADHD medications report moderate to minor side effects. This includes headaches, stomach upsets, and sleepiness. Some people might struggle to stay awake while taking these drugs but this can be less of an issue for children than adults.
If you're thinking about taking medications to help manage your or your child's ADHD, talk to your doctor about it. They will explain the different medications with regards to their benefits and potential risks, and how you can begin. They'll also help you choose the right medication and dosage for you.
It could take a few attempts to find the right dosage and medication. The goal is to reduce ADHD symptoms with as few side effects as possible. Once you've found the right medication, it is best to stick with it. If you stop taking it, your symptoms will recur. Most people with ADHD will require these medications for the rest of their lives.
Dosage
Stimulant medications like Adderall (methylphenidate/dextroamphetamine) and Ritalin (methylphenidate) increase levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which boosts communication between nerves. This increases focus and concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulsivity. It's the first type of medication that doctors typically prescribe for ADHD. However, it's not suitable for everyone and can have adverse effects that are unpalatable.
Non-stimulant medications, such as Strattera (atomoxetine) and Intuniv (guanfacine) are FDA-approved to treat ADHD in adults. They can reduce symptoms directly on the prefrontal cortex of the brain and creating an effect of calming. They are typically used as an adjunct to stimulant medications or if you aren't able to respond well to stimulants.
Both atomoxetine (also known as guanfacine) and guanfacine belong to the alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists class of drugs. This means that they function by blocking receptors which transmit dopamine from one cell to the next. This allows for other chemicals to enter the brain, such as norepinephrine. It has a calming affect and improves attention, as well as reducing the impulsivity and hyperactivity.
While the methylphenidate and amphetamine classes of drugs are extremely efficient in reducing or eliminating ADHD symptoms, they carry the potential for misuse, addiction and overdose. They're classified as controlled substances and come with "boxed warnings" that warn patients of the risks. These drugs are also prone to shortages.
Short-acting stimulants start to work within 30 to 45 minutes of taking them and last 3-4 hours. They can be taken at least three times a day. Long-acting and intermediate stimulants require more time to work however they can provide symptom relief for between 8 and 16 hours. These stimulants can be taken daily if you are struggling to remember to take your medication each day at the same time.
Some suffer from the rebound effect when their medication wears off meaning their symptoms return to their previous levels. This can lead to short-lived fatigue, mood swings and a heightened hunger. This can be avoided by adjusting the dosage, time it is taken, or the type of medication. Consult your physician in case you're experiencing this problem.
Side effects
Stimulant ADHD medication boosts dopamine levels in brain cells, which promotes focus and reduces impulsive behavior. They may also improve the memory and reduce aggression. Medications used for this purpose include Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) and Ritalin (methylphenidate). These drugs are usually consumed orally in capsules however some children take them as chewable tablets or drops. These stimulants can trigger adverse effects, such as dry mouth, reduced appetite, and trouble sleeping. In some instances, side effects aren't too severe and disappear as soon as the drug wears off. In other instances, these effects can be severe and require medical attention.
Non-stimulant medications help manage ADHD symptoms by targeting various neurotransmitters within the brain. They also have a lower risk for dependence or addiction than stimulants. These medications can cause drowsiness and dizziness. To reduce the risk of drowsiness, take the medication earlier in the day, eat before the medication starts to take effect, and avoid caffeinated drinks.
A lot of people are more responsive to long-acting or extended release drugs. This is due to the fact that these formulations will build up slowly in the body, decreasing the possibility of the drug being worn off too quickly, the symptoms returning more severe than before. They can also help you remember to take your medication, especially if either you or your child is having difficulty keeping track of the number of pills in a bottle.
Most children and adults who are taking medication to treat ADHD will experience some adverse reactions. These side effects can be controlled by monitoring the reactions of your child or yourself, adjusting the dosage and taking the medication according to the prescription. If you or your child experiences unpleasant or harmful side effects, talk to an expert in mental health regarding the possibility of changing to another type of medication.
Sometimes, it takes time to determine the appropriate medication for someone with ADHD. In adhd medications for adults I Am Psychiatry , it's not uncommon for a doctor to switch you or your child between the two categories of medications--stimulant and non-stimulant--because one isn't effective or causes intolerable side effects.
Monitoring
It is crucial to remember that ADHD medication can help manage symptoms, but it is not a cure. Your doctor might need to keep an eye on you or your child and adjust the dosage until it is effective in reducing your symptoms with no adverse effects. Medication is typically just one part of the treatment program for ADHD as is therapy as well as support from family and teachers.
Stimulant medicines are the most commonly used ADHD drugs, and they work by increasing levels of brain chemicals that enhance concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. The side effects include weight loss as well as sleeplessness stomachaches and headaches, jitteriness, and an increase in heart rate.
It can be challenging to find the right dose and medication for you or your child. Sometimes it takes anywhere from between a few weeks and several months before the benefits of the medication begin to be apparent. During this time, it's crucial to follow the doctor's prescriptions and report any side-effects.
While stimulants have the advantage of being fast-acting, they also be more prone to dependence and abuse. Many people, especially young children and adolescents, avoid them because of this. Non-stimulant medications can be just as effective and are a great alternative for those who cannot endure the negative side effects of stimulants.
Non-stimulant medications include atomoxetine, dextroamphetamine, as well as guanfacine. Many of these drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat other ailments however, they are also utilized "off-label" to treat ADHD.
A recent study revealed that the long-term use of ADHD medications is associated with an increased risk of CVD. The risk increased with the amount of medication taken and was higher in both genders. Researchers recommend that patients be closely monitored and regularly undergo health screenings. This is especially important for those suffering from high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease. This is particularly true if the individual has a family history of early cardiovascular disease or heart attack.